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Liquid crystal display technology works by blocking light. Specifically, an LCD is made of two pieces of polarized glass (also
called substrate) that contain a liquid crystal material between them. A backlight creates light that passes through the first substrate. At the same time,
electrical currents cause the liquid crystal molecules to align to allow varying levels of light to pass through to the second substrate and create the
colors and images that you see.
Active and Passive Matrix Displays
Most LCD displays use active matrix technology. A thin film transistor (TFT) arranges tiny transistors and capacitors in a matrix on
the glass of the display. To address a particular pixel, the proper row is switched on, and then a charge is sent down the correct column. Since all of the
other rows that the column intersects are turned off, only the capacitor at the designated pixel receives a charge. The capacitor is able to hold the charge
until the next refresh cycle.